硼泥复合混凝剂处理采油井管洗涤废水的研究

探讨了利用废渣生产的硼泥复合混凝剂处理采油井管洗涤废水，以及pH值，混凝剂的投加量，搅拌速度，搅拌时间，沉降时间和温度处理效果的影响，当废水的含油量在8500mg/L左右时，投药量为2000mg/L,最佳值范围为4．5－8．5，油COD和SS的去除率分别大于84％，825，98％，沉降时间为35min，搅拌速度，搅拌时间，温度对油，COD和SS的去除率无显著影响，若经双层滤料过滤法或生化法的二级处理，出水达到国家一级排放标准。     

光催化氧化与生物氧化组合技术对染料化合物降解研究

将多相光催化氧化法与生物氧化法相结合，探讨两种组合技术对染料化合物的降解。实验选用100ppm的甲基橙和典型实验溶液，适当配以一定浓度范围的生活污水，以保证生物菌种的生存条件。实验结果证明先生物氧化、后光催化氧化是一种比较好的组合方式，24h生物氧化，溶液COD去除达69．68％，色度去除达22．39％，随后光催化氧化1h，COD去除达84．65％，色度去除达91．31％。由此说明，这种组合方式可以体现出两种反应的互补性，尤其对生化处理后的残留色度有明显的改善。     

应用定量结构-性质相关法预测有机物的亨利常数

建立了预测有机物亨利常数的定量结构－性质相关方程，回归分析结果表明，此方程可以解释２０６种有机物９８％的实验数据变异，标准偏差为０．２５个对数单位，应用该方程能很好地预测许多有机化合物的亨利常数值。     

氮化物在土层中的迁移与转化的研究

通过摸拟实验,研究了氮化物在土层中的迁移与转化作用。结果表明,土层对NH_4~+有很强的吸附作用,NH_4~+难以通过土层进入地下水中:NO_3~--N基本上不被土层吸附,能顺利通过土层进入地下水,故是地下水氮污染的主要形式。     

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST): Is there a limit for biotechnology in applied animal agriculture?

The intent of this article is to outline, integrate, and interpret relevant scientific, economic, and social issues of rbST technology that have contributed to the acceptance dilemma for this product. The public is divided into social groups, each with its own set of criteria on which they base rbSTs acceptability. Criteria for the scientific community may best be described as physiological. However, for consumers, criteria may be more practical, or procedural, including human health, animal welfare, environmental concerns, and overproduction. Because the business of dairy production depends on demand from the consuming public, the criteria for acceptance of rbST by producers largely reflects those of the consumers. Of necessity, producers are also critical of rbST from a business and animal improvement standpoint. Although this article demonstrates that rbST has met most physiological criteria for acceptance, the consuming public has treated the acceptance issue with forceful skepticism. The question this article addresses is, why? The authors comment that with rbST and other biotechnologies applied to agricultural animal production, it will be the responsibility of government health agencies, scientists, and manufacturers of the products to provide early, adequate, and honest public education. Attention to the concerns of the public may be the only means to prevent hysteria over this and future agricultural products of biotechnology and will, therefore, allow the public to form logical and thoughtful criteria assessments with respect to acceptance or rejection of each product.     

A CLOSED SYSTEM SAMPLE TRANSFER DEVICE FOR VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNI)S1

ABSTRACT: A sample transfer device was designed to provide a closed loop sampling system between a ground water sampling pump and a 40 ml volatile organic compound (VOC) vial. The same attachment can also be used with a bailer. The unit is constructed of a poly-tetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) body into which two stainless steel needles are press fitted. The needles puncture the Teflon septum of a vial; fluid flows through the longer needle into the vial and exits the vial from the shorter needle. The device eliminates sample transfer bias associated with head space, visible gas bubbles, and atmospheric contamination. Field sampling designed to determine differences in trichloroethylene (TCE) concentrations presumedly due to the device were statistically significant in one case, and insignificant in the second.     

Validation and global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method for fenamidone analysis in grapes and wines

Fenamidone is an imidazolinone fungicide recently introduced in viticulture practices. This work reports the validation and assessment of global uncertainty of a gas chromatographic with mass spectrometry method to analyze fenamidone in grapes and wines. This method consists in a simple and fast liquid-liquid extraction step followed by chromatographic determination. Limits of detection for fenamidone in grapes and wines were, respectively, 0.05 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/L, precision was below 9.4% and average recovery was 89 ± 5%. In the concentration range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg/kg (or mg/L) of fenamidone, global uncertainty calculated following the EURACHEM/CITAC rules, and also by the Horwitz function, was below 25%. The EURACHEM/CITAC global uncertainty budget used gave lower estimates than those obtained from the Horwitz function.     

Influence of surfactant sorption on the removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils

Laboratory column flushing experiments were conducted to remove phenanthrene from contaminated soils by Triton X-100 (TX100) with an aim to investigating the effect of surfactant sorption on the performance of surfactant-enhanced remediation process. The effluent concentration of phenanthrene from soil columns showed strong dependence on the sorption breakthrough curves of TX100. The removal of phenanthrene from contaminated soils was enhanced only when the sorption breakthrough of TX100 occurred and the influent concentration of TX100 was greater than the critical enhanced flushing concentration (CEFC). The sorption of surfactant onto soils and the subsequent partitioning of contaminants into soil-sorbed surfactant had a significant effect on the solute equilibrium distribution coefficient (KD) and thus the flushing efficiency for phenanthrene. A model was developed to predict KD and CEFC values for simulating the performance of surfactant-enhanced flushing for contaminated soils. These results are of practical interest in developing effective and safe surfactant-enhanced remediation technologies.     

含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能初探＊

含油污泥热解残渣的处理和应用是石油石化企业生产领域急需解决的难题。以含油污泥热解残渣为研究对象,在对其进行无害化处理的基础上,对热解残渣的吸附性能进行了探讨。通过能谱分析可知,热解残渣由碳和无机元素组成,碳元素含量达36.92%;通过SEM电镜扫描、比表面积和孔结构等吸附性质表征研究,含油污泥热解残渣吸附性能优良,对含油污水中的石油类和COD有较好的去除作用。研究结果表明:含油污泥热解残渣可作为一种吸附材料,这项研究为含油污泥热解残渣的资源化利用提供了一条途径。     

对固体废物中挥发性有机物浸出方法的几点实验探讨

采用零顶空提取器,对陈旧油墨渣和蒽琨渣样品中的挥发性有机物进行了浸出实验和分析测定,浸出液采用静态顶空分流进样、GC/MS法分析。对影响挥发性有机物浸出效率的因素进行了研究,结果表明,浸提剂加入方式、浸出时间和浸出液收集方法等对分析结果准确度有较大影响。